Clinical Spectrum and Treatment Patterns of Traumatic Cataract in a Western Maharashtra Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Ocular trauma is a leading cause of preventable visual impairment and blindness, particularly in younger populations. Traumatic cataract, a frequent complication of such injuries, presents significant diagnostic and surgical challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings. Despite surgical advancements, outcomes can vary depending on injury type, patient factors, and management strategies. Aim: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of cataract following ocular trauma, identify associated risk factors, evaluate different injury modes, analyse surgical management strategies, and assess visual outcome post surgery. Materials and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2025 at a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra, India. A total of 63 patients with ocular trauma were enrolled. Data on demographic profiles, injury types, risk factors, and use of protective gear were collected using structured questionnaires. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examination and were managed surgically using appropriate techniques including Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS), phacoemulsification, corneal tear repair, or pars plana vitrectomy with Intraocular Lens (IOL) implantation. Visual acuity was assessed preoperatively and at defined postoperative intervals, including six months follow-up. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences v26.0. Results: Traumatic cataract was noted in 54 (87.10%) patients. Males and individuals from rural backgrounds were more affected, though no significant associations with age, gender, or area of residence were found. The most common injury source was metallic objects for 19 (35.18%) patients. Closed globe injuries were more prevalent 39 (61.90%). A total of 58 (92.06%) patients had not used protective gear. Preoperative visual acuity was <6/60 in 41 (75.92%) patients. Postoperatively, a significant number 31 (57.4%) achieved Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) >6/12 at six months. Posterior segment complications were infrequent but associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of traumatic cataract in this study was 87.10% and it was not associated with any demographic characteristic. This study highlights that early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention significantly improve visual outcomes in affected patients. Public education on eye safety remains crucial.