Bronze Olpes from the Region around the Great Lakes

This study examines a distinct group of bronze olpes unearthed at Hellenistic necropolises in the region surrounding Lake Ohrid, particularly Lychnidos (modern-day Ohrid), highlighting their typological, chronological, and cultural significance. Among a variety of bronze vessels found in this region, the olpes stand out for their unique craftsmanship, decorative elements, and frequency of occurrence. By analyzing well-documented examples from key necropolises – Trebeniško Kale, Crvejnca, Deboj, Gorna Porta, and Samuel’s Fortress – the paper classifies these olpes according to established typologies (Kelheim, Ornavasso-Ruvo, and Gallarate), while also identifying a new, region-specific variant, proposed here as the Lychnidos-type. This new type is distinguished by its smaller dimensions, characteristic pear-shaped bodies, detailed and varied handle decorations, and superior craftsmanship. Contextual analysis of associated grave goods places these vessels predominantly in the late 3rd to early 2nd century BC. The study also explores two theories regarding the provenance of this vessel form: either as a cultural import from Etruscan traditions during the Macedonian-Roman conflicts or as an indigenous innovation that spread into the broader Roman world. Ultimately, the concentration and distinctiveness of these vessels in the Ohrid region point to the possible existence of local toreutic workshops and suggest a more significant role for the Great Lakes region in shaping Hellenistic material culture than previously acknowledged.