The Nexus between Waste Management and Disease Prevalence in Offa Local Government Area, Kwara State

This study investigates the spatial distribution of solid waste dumpsites and their associated health and environmental impacts in Offa Local Government Area (LGA), Kwara State, Nigeria. Utilizing geospatial mapping, a total of 27 major dumpsites were identified and analyzed for their proximity to residential areas and sensitive ecological zones. Nearest neighbor analysis revealed a random but clustered distribution pattern, with higher concentrations in densely populated areas such as Owode, Rail Station, and Obada. Health data collected from residents showed a high prevalence of malaria (32.7%), typhoid (27.9%), and diarrheal diseases (24.8%), indicating a strong association between proximity to dumpsites and disease incidence. Laboratory analysis of water samples revealed total coliform counts (1.5 × 10³ cfu/mL) exceeding permissible limits and confirming microbial contamination linked to reported illnesses. Soil analysis showed elevated phosphorus (368.01 ppm) and lead (0.82 mg/kg), surpassing safety thresholds and posing significant environmental and health risks, especially for children. Microbial isolates such as Bacillus spp., Candida spp., and Aspergillus candidus further underscored the potential for pathogenic exposure. Public perception surveys aligned with empirical findings, as most residents reported increased health risks due to nearby dumpsites. The study emphasizes the need to implement sustainable waste management strategies, stricter environmental regulations, improved public health infrastructure, and community education to mitigate environmental degradation and health hazards in Offa LGA.