Integrative Next-gen strategies and comprehensive review on target-specific functionalized low-dimensional nanocarriers to tunnel blood-brain barrier: Clicking ‘Undo’ to neurodegenerative diseases

The disease is one of the main variables that contribute to illness and shows an impact on the mental stability of living beings. In this review, we highlight the role of low-dimensional nanocarriers (Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs), Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs), liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, carbonbased carriers) in the drug development for the treatment of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Multiple Sclerosis, stroke and glioma cancer. Along with other related diseases which leads to neural death. Most of the drugs fails in the clinical and pre-clinical trials, this is due to the presence of the Blood-brain Barrier (BBB), which restricts the drug molecules from entering the brain. There is a general misconception where we assume that the particles below 500 Daltons can penetrate the BBB easily. Understanding their limitations can lower this deteriorating condition. Addressing these challenges through a deeper understanding of nanocarrier-based delivery systems is essential. Nano carriers are designed to transport the bioactive compounds into the specific targeted site. It has the ability to cross the BBB by adsorption-mediated transcytosis or endocytosis. High target specificity and bio-availability makes this a better transporter. Genome and molecular editing tools contribute to drug development and their effectiveness in both in vitro and in vivo studies is explored. • This review examines neuronal damage associated with various neurological and related disorders. • The limitations of existing medications and conventional treatment approaches are critically analysed. • The potential of functionalized nanocarriers to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is thoroughly explored. • The neuroprotective roles of phytocompounds in managing neurodegeneration are assessed. • Emerging next-generation strategies offering alternative therapeutic pathways are discussed.