Evaluation of the influence of different methods of processing three types of dental implant surfaces on their morphology and elemental composition in the treatment of peri-implantitis

Objective. To investigate changes in the morphological structure and elemental composition of dental implants with three types of surface (TiO2, SLA, RBM) after treatment with various methods — Er, Cr: YSGG laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm, Air Flow with erythritol and Vector Paro ultrasound device. Material and methods. A total of 36 dental implants were included: 9 new implants (3 of each surface type) were used as the control group, and 27 implants, explanted from patients with peri-implantitis, were evenly divided into three subgroups according to the cleaning method used. Surface morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental composition was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results. Laser treatment demonstrated versatility and cleaning efficiency without damaging the microrelief for all types of surfaces. The Air Flow air-abrasive method was most effective for the RBM surface, but showed residual surface contamination when treated with TiO2 and SLA. The ultrasonic method using the Vector Paro device was especially effective for the TiO2 surface, probably due to its hydrophilic properties. Conclusion. The choice of decontamination method for the treatment of peri-implantitis should take into account the surface type and characteristics of the dental implant. The Er, Cr:YSGG laser proved to be a universal and effective method, while Air Flow and Vector Paro were more efficient when used for specific surface types.