Phonological Challenges in the Recitation of Al-Fātiḥah among Nigerian Muslims

Background: Among some Nigerian Muslims, there exists a belief that the correct recitation of Arabic texts—particularly with accurate articulation of the makhārij al-ḥurūf (points of articulation)—is nearly impossible, due to the perception of Arabic as a difficult foreign language. Such an assumption, however, stands in contrast to the Islamic spirit of taʿlīm (teaching) and taʿallum (learning), as well as the profound influence of Arabic on the cultural, social, and religious life of Muslims. Objectives: This study seeks to examine the misconception regarding the difficulty of mastering Arabic pronunciation among Nigerian Muslims. It further explores the centrality of Arabic in Muslim life—intellectually, morally, socially, and spiritually—especially in relation to the recitation of the Qur’ān. Methodology: The research adopts historical, descriptive, and analytical approaches. Particular attention is given to Sūrat al-Fātiḥa, the opening chapter of the Qur’ān, to highlight the phonological challenges faced by some Nigerian Muslims in its recitation. Findings: The study reveals that Arabic is not unique in being a foreign language within Nigeria. Nigerian Muslims also learn English and French, often attaining proficiency in speech, reading, and communication. The presumption that Arabic cannot be mastered is therefore unfounded. Conclusion: The relationship between Muslims and the Arabic language is vital for intellectual development, moral refinement, social cohesion, and religious devotion. Overcoming phonological obstacles in Qur’ānic recitation—particularly in Sūrat al-Fātiḥa, which is recited in every unit of the Muslim prayer—will enhance Qur’ānic literacy and strengthen the role of Arabic in the lives of Nigerian Muslims.