Reclaiming majority symbols as an ineffective strategy of minority influence: the case of LGBT+ individuals in Poland

Assimilation and integration into the dominant culture are key motives for minorities. In Poland, LGBT+ individuals use the Rainbow Madonna (Virgin Mary with a rainbow halo) to show their Christian identity and be accepted by the heteronormative majority. However, literature suggests that not all assimilative strategies may be effective, although evidence remains limited. In an experiment (n = 780) conducted in Poland, we examined the Christian majority's reactions to the use of the Rainbow Madonna symbol during a Pride March event. We found that the use of the Rainbow Madonna symbol (vs. a regular rainbow symbol) led to lower endorsement of the Pride March and increased negative affective reactions towards the event. The use of the symbol also led to lower acceptance of LGBT+ individuals and more dehumanization of the minority. Describing the symbol as representing the Christian identity of LGBT+ individuals reduced negative reactions but did not eliminate them. Our study reveals challenges to the emancipation strategies of LGBT+ individuals.