From fear to familiarisation: How can a virtual MRI scan experience support emotional regulation?

Abstract Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can provoke significant patient anxiety, particularly due to claustrophobia and unfamiliarity with the scanning process. Traditional preparation methods often fail to fully alleviate pre-scan distress. Virtual Reality (VR) presents a novel solution by offering an immersive scan experience to familiarise patients with the MRI environment before their examination. Whilst predominantly used in a paediatric setting, its application for adult preparation remains underexplored. This study examines the early efficacy of one VR tool in reducing MRI-related anxiety, drawing on the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat (BPSMCT) to assess emotional regulation mechanisms. Methods Participants (N=15) engaged in two VR exposures replicating an MRI examination. Emotional response and regulation was assessed using various self-reported measures before, during and after exposures, including calculation of Demand-Resource Evaluation Scores (DRES). Data were analysed using descriptive and appropriate inferential statistics to look for differences within and between groups. Results All participants moved to, or lessened, a state of challenge following exposure. Concern and confidence were both shown to significantly change for the better following both VR exposures (p<0.05), more notable for those initially perceiving MRI as a threat. Repeated exposure lowered the perceived anxiety and indicated faster progression through the experience, suggesting increased familiarity and reduced avoidance. Conclusion Findings support the application of the BPSMCT to explain how VR exposure shifts patient appraisal from threat to challenge. By improving emotional preparedness without consuming clinical scanner time, such use of VR offers a scalable, cost-effective solution to MRI anxiety management.