Application of $\text{TE}_{011+\delta}$ CDR Mode for Displacement Detection

In this work, the authors proposed an application of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{TE}_{011+\delta}$</tex> mode in a cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR) to detect displacement for sensing applications. To achieve this, a CDR is positioned next to an open-ended transmission line to detect the coupling in relation to its displacement. The sensor metrics like frequency, sensitivity, and sensing range is analyzed. The same is verified with the fabricated sensor VNA characterization. The proposed sensor excites the desired mode at 3.65 GHz with an average sensitivity of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5.7 \text{dB} / \text{mm}$</tex> in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0-5 \text{mm}$</tex> range. This fixed frequency sensor can be feasible with a low-cost measurement setup called a reflectometer to avoid costly VNA.