Design and Analysis of Spade and Club Shaped Slotted Patch Antenna

This paper presents the design and analysis of Spade-shaped and Club-shaped slot antennas integrated with Defected Ground Structures (DGS) to achieve multiband functionality, making them suitable for 5G and X-band applications. The Spade-shaped slot antenna exhibits bandwidths of 210 MHz (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5.368-5.158 \text{GHz}$</tex>), 96 MHz (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$6.727$-</tex> 6.630 GHz), 306 MHz (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$8.997-8.691 \text{GHz}$</tex>) and 893 MHz (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1 3. 0 4 6 -}$</tex> 12.153 GHz) at operating frequencies of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5.25 \text{GHz}, 6.67 \text{GHz}$</tex>, 8.81 GHz, and 12.62 GHz respectively, with a peak gain of 5.28 dBi at a resonant frequency 5.26 GHz. Similarly, the Clubshaped slot antenna supports multiband operation at frequencies of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$5.53 \text{GHz}, 6.87 \text{GHz}$</tex> and 8.80 GHz, with corresponding bandwidths of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$360 \text{MHz}(5.710-5.350 \text{GHz}), 170 \text{MHz}(6.960-6.790 \text{GHz})$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$240 \text{MHz}(8.930-8.690 \text{GHz})$</tex>, achieving a peak gain of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{6. 6 3 ~ d B i}$</tex> at a resonant frequency <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{5. 5 3}$</tex> GHz. HFSS software is used to carry out the simulations.