A Tilted Beam SIW Horn Antenna with Enhanced Gain for 5G NR N257/N261 Bands

This paper details the performance of a compact tilted beam Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) horn antenna, specifically developed for 5 G millimeter-wave communications. The innovative design incorporates an extended dielectric substrate and an upper broad wall, which significantly enhances the antenna's radiating aperture. Resulting a gain of 10.3 dBi at a frequency of 28 GHz, demonstrating its capability to deliver high performance in dense urban environments, where 5G networks are deployed. The proposed antenna exhibits a 6 GHz impedance bandwidth, spanning from 26 GHz to 32 GHz, which is crucial for accommodating the wide range of frequencies utilized in 5 G NR <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{n} 257 / \mathrm{n} 261$</tex> applications. Additionally, the antenna beamwidth features 80° in E-plane and 30° in H -plane, allowing for effective directional communication, while minimizing interference. The design's large radiating aperture not only facilitates wideband impedance matching but also contributes to a high radiation efficiency of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{9 8 \%}$</tex>. The tilted beam direction, achieved through reflections from the upper broad wall, results in a maximum radiation pattern at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\theta=15^{\circ}$</tex>, further optimizing the antenna's performance for targeted communication.