PSADEA-Tuned Polarization Reconfigurable STSM Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting Application

Building wireless connectivity infrastructure, which in turn promotes the usage of wireless applications, requires the internet-of-things (IoT). Research on Y-shaped printed monopole antennas along with PSADEA-tuned smart metasurfaces (STSM) is being conducted to answer technical progress concerns such as circular polarization (CP) and ambient field radiations. First, we will thoroughly examine the printed <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{Y}$</tex>-shaped monopole antenna for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$3.5 / 5 \text{GHz}$</tex> bands that is linearly polarized (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{L P}$</tex>) in nature. To understand the transition from linear to circular polarization (LP-to-CP), we had connected one parasitic conducting strip with a partial ground plane by using an RF PIN diode. To accomplish their performance, the STSM was positioned underneath the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\lambda_{0} / 4$</tex> CP radiator to optimize for the enhanced polarization bandwidth and gain. For the use in RF energy harvesting and wireless power transmission applications, the STSM offered an measured <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1 0 - d B}$</tex> BW of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt;40 \%, 3-\text{dB} \text{BW}$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt;15 \%$</tex>, antenna gain <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">${ }^{\text {avg. }}$</tex> of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt;8.58$</tex> dBic, antenna efficiency of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt;70 \%$</tex>, and enhanced front-to-back ratio (FBR) of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt;-\mathbf{2 1. 5} \mathbf{~ d B i c}$</tex> with the 3-dB beamwidth of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt;\mathbf{1 1 0}^{\circ}$</tex> across the desired bands.