Evaluation of Digital Twin Interface Layout Based on Aesthetics and Analytic Hierarchy Process

In the era of Industry 4.0, digital twin (DT) technologies have become increasingly vital for real-time monitoring and management of complex manufacturing systems. Among these, the interface layout of digital twin systems plays a critical role in ensuring efficient human-computer interaction, particularly for machine tool monitoring. This study first identified five key aesthetic criteria—balance, symmetry, simplicity, density, and rhythm—through literature review, expert interviews, and employee surveys. Eight commonly used interface layout types were then analyzed and evaluated based on these criteria. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to collect expert judgment matrices and calculate the relative weights of each criterion, enabling a systematic evaluation and ranking of the layout schemes to determine their aesthetic value. The results indicate that layouts characterized by symmetrical balance and moderate density are generally more favored by users, as they enhance intuitive information perception and operational efficiency. This study not only provides practical guidelines for the aesthetic design of digital twin interfaces but also demonstrates the effectiveness of AHP in multi-criteria evaluation of visual design.