Optimised Wind Turbine Layout for Complex Terrain Based on CFD Simulation and Genetic Algorithm

In mountainous and complex terrain wind farms, the layout of wind turbines significantly influences overall power generation efficiency. This study integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to develop an optimised layout method tailored to complex terrains. Initially, ANSYS Fluent is employed to analyse the airflow characteristics over specific terrain profiles, enabling detailed mapping of wind speed distribution and wake effects. Subsequently, a GA-based approach is used to optimise turbine spacing and orientation, aiming to mitigate wake losses and enhance total power output. Simulation results indicate that, compared to traditional uniform spacing layouts, the proposed method effectively reduces wake-induced power loss by approximately 15.7% and increases the total wind farm efficiency by around 12.3%. This hybrid methodology provides theoretical guidance and a practical framework for wind farm planning in complex topographical settings.