Optimized 433 MHz Implantable and Ingestible Conformal Antenna for Advanced ECG Biotelemetry

Selecting an operating frequency and creating an antenna are just two of the challenges involved in constructing in-body devices, especially ingestible capsules. Gain, miniaturization, and interference with internal components and the environment are critical problems. The goal of this project is to create a compact antenna for ingestible capsules. These antennas, which are in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, have a modified symmetrical loop pattern and function at a center frequency of 433 MHz. To simulate their arrangement inside a capsule, the antenna patterns are fashioned like half-cylinders. The study looks at how ambient dielectric characteristics fluctuate and how batteries are positioned in relation to the antenna traces. The results show that even when the center frequency varies as a result of variations in the dielectric constant of the optimized antenna, it still operates effectively. Results offer valuable insights into designing a loop antenna for desired frequencies, applicable to other ingestible and implantable systems. The design also included the telemetry part to show how it will communicate with outside of the body in the receiver part of the WPT.