A combined nonlinear simulation and optimization operation framework for hydrogen-enable zero-carbon energy system

In recent years, the growth of distributed renewable energy has significantly reduced the carbon emissions of the power system. However, due to its volatility, it is difficult to integrate it into the power grid on a large scale. Therefore, the hydrogen-enable zero-carbon energy system (HZES) has been developed to address the complete consumption and comprehensive utilization of distributed renewable energy. Nevertheless, the physical mechanisms of the devices in the HZES are complex, and there are differences in time scales among various energy forms such as electricity, hydrogen, and heat. Limited by the solving ability of current commercial solver, the existing scheduling methods struggle to accurately describe the nonlinear models of the devices. Therefore, this paper develop an optimization model and a simulation model for the HZES. Meanwhile, a combined nonlinear simulation and optimization (CSO) operation framework is put forward. Based on the Benders decomposition method, this framework divides the scheduling problem into four parts: energy-form scheduling, nonlinear simulation, sub-problem of safe operation, and generation of Benders cuts. The numerical results show that this framework can describe the nonlinearity of the devices at the temperature dynamics level, avoiding the temperature infeasibility problems that may be caused by the energy-form model.