X-Band Radar Monopulse Comparator Utilizing Rat-Race Couplers

In this paper, a monopulse comparator utilizing ratrace couplers for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{X}$</tex>-band frequency range is presented. The comparator is carefully designed to operate in X-band at a central frequency of 10 GHz. The design achieves compact dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$28 \text{mm} \times 75 \text{mm} \times 0.508 \text{mm}$</tex>, ensuring good reflection coefficients, transmission coefficients, and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) values across all ports. The design provides reflection coefficients below −10 dB and VSWR <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&lt;2$</tex> across all ports. The design is created using the shapes available in the RF PCB Toolbox from MATLAB.