Energy-Efficient Home Protection: A Solar-Powered, IoT-Enabled Security Solution

The increasing need for reliable and energy-efficient home security systems has led to the integration of renewable energy and smart technology. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Solar-Powered Home Security System (SPHS) that leverages IoT technology to enhance security monitoring while reducing dependency on conventional power sources. The system consists of an ESP32-CAM microcontroller, PIR motion sensors, a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), a relay-controlled lighting system, and a solar panel with a battery storage unit. When motion is detected in low-light conditions, the system activates lighting, captures images, and transmits real-time alerts to homeowners via IoT-based notifications. The methodology includes system architecture design, hardware implementation, and software development for real-time data processing. The results demonstrate high detection accuracy, with a 98% success rate in motion detection tests while providing prompt alert transmission for real-time notifications, and efficient power utilization averaging 2.075W per day. The system ensures continuous operation even in low sunlight conditions, validating its reliability as a sustainable security solution. SPHS addresses key challenges in traditional security systems, such as high energy consumption, limited outdoor monitoring, and reliance on grid power. Future improvements include higher-resolution cameras, AI-based intrusion detection, enhanced wireless communication, and mobile app integration for better user control. The findings highlight the potential of solar-powered IoT security systems as a cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable approach to home security.