An Inverted U-Shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Microwave Imaging of Skin Cancer Detection

Skin cancer is one of the lethal diseases, a later-stage can affect the other all parts of the body. Therefore, early detection and treatment of cancer is the most effective approach to address this problem. This research article presents microwave imaging as an alternative to the existing cancer detection techniques and proposes an ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a Sierpinski gasket fractal ground structure as a sensor to perform microwave imaging of human forearm skin. The antenna proposed has an impedance bandwidth between 6.66 GHz and 14.52 GHz, with minimum return loss of -53.48 at resonance frequency at 12.022 GHz, maximum value of antenna's gain is 4.29 dBi at 10.06 GHz. A simulated SAR value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.0139 ~\mathrm{W} / \text{kg}$</tex>, for 1g of human tissue, which is less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.6 ~\mathrm{W} / \text{kg}$</tex>, which falls within the safe limits for human exposure, makes it a suitable choice for biomedical applications of interest.