Integrated Optimization and Control Method for Hydrogen-based Zero-carbon Isolated Microgrid

For isolated microgrids (IMGs) with fuel cell-based combined heating and power systems (FC-CHPSs), the ability to handle rapid load variations is particularly critical for ensuring stable zero-carbon operation. Under complex dynamic conditions, effectively maintaining system stability is essential for reliable operation in practical applications. In this paper, taking a typical hydrogen-based zero-carbon IMG containing FC-CHPS as an example, the operation optimization model is first developed. At the same time, its control boundary is formulated and simulated on MATLAB/Simulink. To overcome the limitations of the standalone operation optimization and control strategies, an integrated optimization and control (IOC) method is developed. In the upper-level optimization problem, it optimizes the energy cost and realizes zero carbon emissions while satisfying the energy balance and complicated operating constraints of the IMG, which provides an optimal operation strategy to guide the power of the lower-layer. In the lower-level control problem, it realizes the power coordination of FC-BES-electrical load in seconds to response the rapid load variations. Compared with the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control without upper-level guidance, the proposed IOC method can accommodate a wider range of rapid load variations while maintaining stable IMG output, and also consider the FC degradation to improve economic efficiency.