Safety-I Versus Safety-II: A Mixed-Methods Study Revealing the Imbalance of Approaches in Primary Care Medication Safety

This study revealed a fundamental limitation in applying Safety-I principles to primary care medication safety, particularly the assumption that all system defects can be feasibly fixed. Given the complex realities of primary care, a complementary Safety-II perspective is essential, as it recognizes the agency of professionals and patients in managing risks within distributed work systems affected by uncontrollable external forces.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Patient Safety
Published
2025-09-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1097/pts.0000000000001400
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Patient Safety and Medication Errors
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
5.03
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article

Safety-I Versus Safety-II: A Mixed-Methods Study Revealing the Imbalance of Approaches in Primary Care Medication Safety

Annesha White, Kimberly G. Fulda, Richard A. Young, Yan Xiao et al.
2 citations
Journal of Patient Safety
Patient Safety and Medication Errors
5.03
article

Safety-I Versus Safety-II: A Mixed-Methods Study Revealing the Imbalance of Approaches in Primary Care Medication Safety

Annesha White, Kimberly G. Fulda, Richard A. Young, Yan Xiao, Ayşe P. Gürses
article en
2 citations

Abstract

This study revealed a fundamental limitation in applying Safety-I principles to primary care medication safety, particularly the assumption that all system defects can be feasibly fixed. Given the complex realities of primary care, a complementary Safety-II perspective is essential, as it recognizes the agency of professionals and patients in managing risks within distributed work systems affected by uncontrollable external forces.

Journal of Patient SafetyVol. 21(7Supp)
University of North Texas (US), Johns Hopkins University (US), University of North Texas Health Science Center (US), The University of Texas at Arlington (US), JPS Health Network (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Patient Safety and Medication Errors
5.03
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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Safety-I Versus Safety-II: A Mixed-Methods Study Revealing the Imbalance of Approaches in Primary Care Medication Safety — Annesha White, Kimberly G. Fulda, et al. · Journal of Patient Safety (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS