Wind energy conversion technology: On the verge of a century and a half of innovation

This paper presents one of the most important renewable energy candidates, analyzing its viability in light of significant requirements and recent global events, including health and political factors. This candidate is wind energy, which has recently gained wide attention. During this review, we will introduce wind energy technologies, discuss their present development, explore current research challenges and opportunities (current status), and outline future prospects. Furthermore, the top countries in the 19th century (the beginning) and the present top five countries for wind energy capacity in 2021. The primary finding of the proposed study is that the future of this energy is open and promising. Therefore, researchers are working to design wind turbines that can withstand and operate in the most difficult conditions to make their devices and systems more cost-effective and competitive with fossil fuel energy systems.