Dynamic Multi-organ Dysfunction After Trauma with Secondary Sepsis in Rats: A 6–72 hours Temporal Map Validated by Rodent-Specific MODS Scoring

A consecutive 6-to-72-hour quantitative profile of MODS across six organ systems was established, demonstrating that cardiac and hepatic dysfunction emerged at 12 hours, followed by pulmonary, renal, neurological, and coagulatory failure at 24 hours. The validated MODS score was expected to offer a robust translational tool for timing therapeutic interventions.