Hyperpolarizability effect of Rydberg states in rubidium and cesium atoms

Abstract The hyperpolarizabilities of Rydberg states in rubidium and cesium atoms play a crucial role in understanding higher-order Stark shifts and illustrating high precision experiments. We calculate the dc hyperpolarizabilities of rubidium and cesium atoms in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>40</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>90</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> using the sum-over-states method and provide analysis of uncertainties arising from perturbation theory in dc electric field amplitude measurements. We also find that for several Rydberg states in rubidium atoms, the Stark shifts are dominated by hyperpolarizability contributions, leading to a characteristic quartic dependence on the electric field amplitude once the field amplitude exceeds approximately <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . These findings give more comprehensive understanding of Stark shifts in Rydberg atoms, and may contribute to improve sensitivity for weak electric field sensing.

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Journal
Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics
Published
2025-09-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ae0a9b
Primary Topic
Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
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article
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article

Hyperpolarizability effect of Rydberg states in rubidium and cesium atoms

Shi-Cheng Yu, Chengbin Li, Lei She, Wu B
Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics
Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
article

Hyperpolarizability effect of Rydberg states in rubidium and cesium atoms

Shi-Cheng Yu, Chengbin Li, Lei She, Wu B
article en

Abstract

Abstract The hyperpolarizabilities of Rydberg states in rubidium and cesium atoms play a crucial role in understanding higher-order Stark shifts and illustrating high precision experiments. We calculate the dc hyperpolarizabilities of rubidium and cesium atoms in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>40</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>90</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> using the sum-over-states method and provide analysis of uncertainties arising from perturbation theory in dc electric field amplitude measurements. We also find that for several Rydberg states in rubidium atoms, the Stark shifts are dominated by hyperpolarizability contributions, leading to a characteristic quartic dependence on the electric field amplitude once the field amplitude exceeds approximately <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi> <mml:mstyle scriptlevel="0"/> <mml:mi>cm</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . These findings give more comprehensive understanding of Stark shifts in Rydberg atoms, and may contribute to improve sensitivity for weak electric field sensing.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical PhysicsVol. 58(19)
South China Normal University (CN), Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (CN), Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 76%
Molecular spectroscopy and chirality
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