Manejo de Disnea en Pacientes Paliativos con Falla Cardíaca: Una Revisión Sistemática

Introduction: Adequate management of dyspnea in palliative patients with advanced heart failure improves their quality of life. Objective: To evaluate pharmacological interventions on the management of dyspnea in palliative patients with heart failure. Methodology: PRISMA criteria were applied. A descriptive and documentary systematic review was carried out, selecting 7 scientific articles. Keywords and logical operators were used for the search, establishing inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a bias analysis was performed to ensure the relevance and quality of the studies analyzed. Results: Opioids were found to be the most effective and safe pharmacological intervention for the control of dyspnea in these patients, significantly reducing the sensation of dyspnea without increasing the risks of serious adverse effects. In addition, intravenous iron therapy showed significant benefits in functional capacity and cardiac parameters in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. Conclusions: Opioids are recommended for the management of dyspnea in these patients. Intravenous iron may also be useful in specific situations, complementing the management of dyspnea.