Novel Elliptical Monopole Antenna with DGs for 5G Sub-6 GHz Applications

This paper presents a novel compact elliptical monopole antenna (EMA) integrated with a defected ground structure (DGS) and a U-shaped slot for enhanced performance in dual-band sub-6[Formula: see text]GHz 5G applications. The antenna was designed with overall dimensions of 21[Formula: see text]mm [Formula: see text] 26[Formula: see text]mm using an FR-4 substrate material, which achieves resonant frequencies at 2.4[Formula: see text]GHz and 3.2[Formula: see text]GHz with return loss values of –28.65[Formula: see text]dB and –27.55[Formula: see text]dB. The incorporation of DGS significantly improves impedance matching, gain, and radiation efficiency by achieving 4.69 and 98%. Simulation and experimental validation using HFSS and a vector network analyzer (VNA) confirm strong agreement, which demonstrates the antenna’s effectiveness. The proposed design stands out due to its simple geometry, high efficiency, and superior dual-band performance, making it an ideal candidate for compact 5G devices operating in the sub-6[Formula: see text]GHz range.