Genetic Aspects of the Application of Tissue-Engineered Constructs in Regenerative Therapy in Cardiology: An Analytical Review

Traditional methods of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are not always effective, especially in severe myocardial injury. One of the promising areas for the treatment of cardiac pathologies is cell transplantation using tissue-engineered constructs from allogeneic stem cells, such as cell sheets. The success of cell therapy depends on the severity of local inflammatory reactions, angiogenesis activity, and the resistance of transplant cells to hypoxia and apoptosis, as well as on their production of the extracellular matrix. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the processes associated with CVD can serve as markers of genetic dysfunction of these genes in the cardiovascular system and be used to predict the efficacy of therapy for heart disease based on tissue-engineered constructs. This review systematizes the information, allowing us to form a panel of such SNPs and analyze it. We identified seven genes at the intersection of pathways that are key to the survival of cellular constructs, VEGFA, TGFB1, FN1, IL6R, ITIH4, NRP1, and CDH13, and selected SNPs rs998584, rs8108632, rs1250259, rs6689306, rs77347777, rs75082222, and rs6565060, which are located in the regions of these genes and associated with CVD according to the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). These polymorphisms may constitute a minimal panel to search for an association with the efficacy of cell therapy in heart disease.