Diagnosis of benign and malignant gastric neoplasms

Benign and malignant gastric neoplasms remain a significant problem in modern oncology and gastroenterology. According to the World Health Organization, gastric cancer is among the top five most common malignant tumors worldwide. Early diagnosis of these diseases is difficult due to the non-specificity of clinical symptoms in the initial stages, which often leads to late detection of malignant processes. The main diagnostic methods are endoscopic examination with biopsy, double-contrast radiography, endoscopic ultrasound, laboratory tests (including the determination of tumor marker levels), and morphological examination of biopsy specimens. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant formations is crucial for choosing treatment tactics. The use of modern examination algorithms can improve the effectiveness of early detection of oncological diseases and enhance the prognosis for patients.