Investigations into the Physicochemical Properties of Jharkhand Winter Honey from the Palamu District

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of Palamu honeys by analyzing their physicochemical parameters, color, total phenols and flavonoids content, and antioxidant capabilities. This evaluation was carried out in order to determine the Palamu honeys' overall quality. Twenty-two specimens of Apis dorsata and Apis florea were collected from a variety of places within the Palamu District of Jharkhand throughout the winter months, which lasted from November to February. The evaluations of these species' physicochemical properties were carried out in accordance with the parameters that are considered to be Indian standards. These species coexist alongside Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. A wide range of physicochemical characteristics of the samples were investigated in this study. These characteristics included the amount of sugar present, the ratio of laevulose to dextrose or fructose to glucose, surface tension, viscosity, and acidity % on the samples. During the course of the collection of honey samples, the glucose content ranged from 23.61% to 38.2%, while the fructose level fluctuated between 22.30% and 38.16%. Based on the results of the physicochemical examination, it was determined that the properties of the samples did not undergo any significant changes. It can be concluded that the samples, in their entirety, possess a high level of commercial quality.