Experience of the Original Phantom-Based Training in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of a contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) training programmed that incorporates a phantombased learning module. Materials and methods: Twenty-four participants (13 practicing sonographers, 6 residents, 5 senior medical students; clinical experience 0–21 years) completed a one-day, 10-hour learning CEUS course. Hands-on practice was performed on a proprietary Russian dual-circuit phantom (patent RU 2611905 C2) that reproduces normal perfusion and three focal lesions—aneurysm, cavernous haemangioma and hyper-vascular metastasis—using standard microbubble contrast agents. Training efficacy was assessed pre- and post-course with a multiple-choice test, a 10-item practical checklist (0–20) and the Team Performance Observation Tool (team index 1–5). Results: All metrics improved significantly: test 5,0 ± 1,0 → 8,0 ± 1,0 (Δ = +3,0; p < 0,001; d = 2,0); checklist 7,0 ± 2,0 → 17 ± 1,0 (Δ = +10,0; p < 0,001; d = 6,3); team index 2,0 ± 1,0 → 4,0 ± 1,0 (Δ = +2,0; p < 0,001; d = 1,0). The pass threshold (≥ 70 % test and ≥ 80 % checklist) was reached by 22/24 (92 %) participants (McNemar χ² = 20.2; p < 0.001). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α = 0.80 for the test, 0.86 for the checklist); inter-rater reliability of the checklist was excellent (ICC = 0.92; 95 % CI 0.86–0.97). The correlation between years of experience and practical score decreased from ρ = 0.45 (p = 0.03) pre-course to ρ = 0.28 (p = 0.18) postcourse; one-way ANOVA revealed no post-course differences across four experience groups (p > 0.10). Overall satisfaction (VAS) was 9.1 ± 0.7, with highest ratings for “phantom practice” (9.5) and “mentor feedback” (9.3). Conclusion: A single-day, 10-hour module based on the first domestic CEUS phantom produces a large gain in theoretical knowledge and practical skills and enables rapid attainment of Level 1 competence specified by EFSUMB/WFUMB guidelines. The Russian-made phantom is less expensive than imported analogues, is exempt from Government Decree No. 616 import restrictions, and can be recommended as a mandatory simulation stage in the certification of ultrasound physicians learning CEUS.