Integrating Advanced Technologies for Environmental Valuation in Legacy Mining Sites: The Role of Digital Twins at Lavrion Technological and Cultural Park

The rehabilitation of mining environments poses significant challenges due to the contamination risks associated with hazardous materials, such as arsenic and other chemical products. This research study presents the development of a Digital Twin for the Lavrion Technological and Cultural Park (LTCP), a former mining and metalworking site that is currently undergoing environmental restoration. The Digital Twin integrates advanced technologies, including real-time sensor monitoring, geophysical methods, and 3D modeling, to provide a comprehensive tool for assessing and managing the environmental conditions of the site. Key elements of the project include the monitoring of hazardous-waste storage, the evaluation of contaminated soils, and the assessment of the Park's infrastructure, which includes both deteriorating buildings and successfully restored structures. Real-time sensor data are collected to track critical parameters such as conductivity, temperature, salinity, and levels of pollutants, enabling proactive environmental management and mitigation of potential risks. The integration of these technologies enables continuous monitoring, historical data analysis, and improved decision making in the ongoing efforts to preserve the site's ecological integrity. This study demonstrates the potential of using Digital Twins as an innovative solution for the sustainable management and valorization of mining heritage sites, offering insights into both technological applications and environmental conservation practices.