DNA adenine methylation influences gene expression and biofilm formation in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>

This study highlights the critical role of DNA methylation in regulating biofilm formation and virulence in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>. By examining the interplay between adenine methylation, extracellular DNA (eDNA), membrane vesicles (MVs), and glucan production, we provide new insights into the complex biology of biofilm development. Our findings challenge traditional views by emphasizing the importance of MVs and eDNA in maintaining biofilm integrity. Understanding these epigenetics modifications not only advances our knowledge of microbial regulation but also identifies novel targets for antimicrobial therapy. Since adenine methylation is rare or absent in mammalian cells, targeting this modification presents a promising strategy to disrupt biofilm formation and combat bacterial infections. The insights gained from this study may inform the development of innovative approaches to manage biofilm-associated infections and improve oral health outcomes.