The genesis, growth and decline of small motte-and-bailey type castles in the Silesian Plain on the example of Kadłub (Garten), Poland

The paper presents the results of archaeological excavations and of datamining of historical sources concerning motte-and-bailey once located on the grounds of Kadłub. This castle made part of the no longer extant allodium Garten. Analysis points to the stronghold functioning from probably mid 15th to early 16th centuries, under ownership of two successive houses, the von Luchow and von Rymbabe. Allodium Garten derived much of its income from aquaculture, supplemented by rising cattle and – to a lesser degree – by growing corn. Excavations unearthed the remnants of an elongated, rectangular house of timber frame construction, as evidenced by its foundations. The discussed site reflects the contemporary popularity of such strongholds. The changes linked with the passage to the Modern Era made the motte-and-bailey lose its relevance and it was abandoned, with excavations not producing any signs of its violent end. Archaeological evidence cross-checked with ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) data recorded on the site as well as written sources point to the surroundings of the site being greatly transformed by human action and subject to major anthropogenic pressure; the site made part of an interestingly designed economic centre, a centre which later faded away and was annexed into the neighbouring village of Kadłub.