The role of nurses in interprofessional pharmaceutical care: a qualitative descriptive study of international expert perspectives

Introduction: Pharmaceutical care has evolved from a pharmacist-led model to an interprofessional approach involving doctors, pharmacists, and nurses. Effective collaboration is key to patient safety and treatment optimisation, yet it is often hindered by hierarchical systems, unclear roles, and poor communication. A lack of formalised frameworks further limits collaboration. Aim: This study explores interprofessional collaboration in pharmaceutical care, focusing on the role of nurses, their involvement in collaborative practice, and the competencies essential for effective teamwork as identified by international experts. Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with five international experts, selected through purposive sampling. Data were thematically analysed using Atlas.ti. Rigour was ensured through triangulation, multiple coding, and participant feedback. The COREQ checklist guided reporting. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) Interprofessional collaboration, (2) Roles and responsibilities, (3) Barriers to collaboration, (4) Education and competencies, and (5) Organizational support. Discussion: Despite the recognized value of collaboration, systemic and educational obstacles persist. Structural backing, clarified roles, and integrated training are essential for improving teamwork. Conclusion: Interprofessional collaboration is vital to enhancing pharmaceutical care. Addressing educational gaps, formalising procedures, and using digital tools can strengthen care delivery and patient outcomes. Nurses play a key role in pharmaceutical care through treatment monitoring and identifying medication-related problems. Expanding their roles within teams can improve safety. Policymakers should prioritize role clarity, interprofessional education, and digital support systems.