Biomechanics of Lumber Spine using Microstructurally Realistic 3D Finite Element Modeling

This study presents the development of image based finite element (FE) model of the lumbar spine (L1-L5) using MRI data and computer solvers.The model incorporates anatomically faithful details of microstructure of bone along with ligaments employing realistic material properties and boundary conditions.A compressive load of 1000 N was applied to the L1 vertebra, with the L5 vertebra fixed, simulating a scenario where a load is carried on the head.The results demonstrate a maximum displacement of 2.5 mm at the L1 vertebra, progressively decreasing to negligible levels at L5, aligning with the physiological load distribution along the lumbar spine.The intradiscal pressure within the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc (IVD4) reached a peak value of 14,000 N/m2, indicating asymmetric stress patterns attributable to the inherent spinal curvature.This study highlights the transformative potential of finite element modeling in spine biomechanics, providing critical insights for developing ergonomic solutions and insights to mitigate injury risks effectively.