Graphene-based metal-organic framework nanocomposites for CO2 reduction reactions

The CO2 reduction reactions present a viable approach to addressing the challenges of energy scarcity and the pressing concerns of global warming. To enhance their kinetically sluggish processes, developing highly stable, cost-effective, selective, and energy-efficient catalysts is essential. Graphene-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composite exhibits characteristics such as outstanding conductivity, structural tunability, and excellent surface chemistry and sustainability, positioning them as innovative competitors for both CO2 conversion to fuels and chemicals. In this study, we present recent developments in graphene-based MOF catalysts for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). Before discussing the evaluation of the approaches for graphene-based MOFs, rational, structural, and electronic synergies of graphene/MOF nanocomposites were addressed. Various synthetic techniques, a comprehensive review of characterization techniques, associated challenges, and the relation between graphene-based MOF structures and their conductivity are examined. A detailed breakthrough in both photocatalytic and electrocatalytic performance for CO2RR is examined. The concluding remarks emphasized the knowledge gaps, related deficiencies, and strengths, with significant viewpoints and concepts for enhancing graphene-based MOFs for CO2RR in accordance with pragmatic industry expectations. This study offers the scientific community a thorough insight into the present research emphasis and the significance of creating more efficient and environmentally sustainable graphene-based MOFs for clean energy conversion. This is essential for tackling the difficulties of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating the global energy deficit.