Socioeconomic Impact of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory has been operating in Malargüe, Province of Mendoza, western Argentina, for over two decades, significantly advancing our understanding of cosmic rays. Beyond its scientific mission, the installation and operation of the Observatory has had profound social, economic, educational and cultural impact on the local community, the region and worldwide. More than 90% of the Observatory’s annual operational budget is invested in the region, benefiting sectors such as tourism, hospitality, gastronomy, and local commerce. Additionally, the presence of international visitors and collaborations has fostered a rich cultural exchange. Malargüe has emerged as a destination for scientific tourism, with the Observatory as a major attraction, having welcomed over 178,000 visitors since its inauguration and boosting the development of the region. This article explores the broad direct and indirect benefits of the Auger Observatory and the key lessons learned from this endeavor. A new International Agreement signed in 2024 ensures the continuity of the project for at least another decade, until 2035, reaffirming its scientific, economic, and social relevance.
Authors
- Belén Andrada
- Pedro J. Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-7875)
- Zbigniew Szadkowski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-9912)
- Bruno L. Lago (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9672-0499)
- Carla Taricco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0129-5539)
- Giovanni Consolati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-245X)
- Juan Manuel Gonzalez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-0921)
- S. Petrera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6029-1255)
- Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5278-3172)
- T. Pierog (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-8710)
- G. Sigl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4396-645X)
- Mateo Fernandez
- T. Huege (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4772)
- Nicolas Leal
- Carmina Pérez Bertolli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-5732)
- Carlo Salvattore Cruz Sanchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6173-0974)
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- Gustavo Medina‐Tanco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-319X)
- A. C. Fauth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-0288)
- Enrico Arnone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-5051)
- Enrique Varela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-7513)
- O. Schölten (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3649-1254)
- Olena Tkachenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-7851)
- Lorenzo Cazon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-8395)
- Pierpaolo Savina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-554X)
- Lukáš Vaclavek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-3415)
- B. R. Dawson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-3055)
- A. Haungs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-7574)
- Harm Schoorlemmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-9249)
- Dalibor Nosek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-200X)
- G. Parente (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-0461)
- Paula Gina Isar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-584X)
- Janning Meinert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-3456)
- Emanuele De Vito (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-7588)
- Dušan Mandát (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-7468)
- Adila Abdul Halim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-1737)
- Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4683-230X)
- Jiří Blažek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-8947)
- Therese Paulsen
- Adriel Bartz Mocellin
- Berenika Čermáková
- S. J. de Jong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-3367)
- Armando di Matteo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-1867)
- Alexey Yushkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-9116)
- K. Daumiller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-4823)
- A. Insolia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-1566)
- Srijan Sehgal
- Lorenzo Caccianiga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-5108)
- Darko Veberič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-1526)
- María Isabel Micheletti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1063-9938)
- A. Segreto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-6603)
- L. Nellen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1059-8731)
- Felicia Barbato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-6731)
- Viviana Scherini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3762-4063)
- Gabriela Nicora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-6423)
- Thomas Fitoussi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-9356)
- Khoa D. Nguyen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-5354)
- Katarína Simkova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-9846)
- R. Caruso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1622-8731)
- I. Allekotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9624-3044)
- F. Sarazin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5614-1986)
- Luis A. Núñez
- Chaitanya Priyadarshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-9617)
- M. Cristinziani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-9171)
- E. Zas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-8117)
- Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe
- Roberta Colalillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4179-9352)
- M. Hrabovský (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-7316)
- L. Miramonti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-5363)
- F. Simon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-0289)
- F. Salamida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-8447)
- P. Trávnı́ček (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-9584)
- Benjamin Flaggs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5549-1869)
- P. Hamal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3139-7234)
- A. D. Supanitsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6942-6216)
- Maximilian Straub
- R. Mussa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-9071)
- Camilla Petrucci
- Steffen Hahn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5040-3666)
- Federico Maria Mariani
- Fiona H. Ellwanger
- A. Castellina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2467)
- J. Vícha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-3605)
- Jaime Álvarez-Muñiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-0803)
- Jose F. Valdés Galicia
- Denise Boncioli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1186-9353)
- L. Chytka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5741-259X)
- Martin Vacula (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-3962)
- Vladimír Novotný (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-4541)
- Miguel A. Martins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-6204)
- F. Guarino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-9885)
- Glennys R. Farrar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-5975)
- M. Gómez Berisso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-0180)
- M. Erdmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-1303)
- Jarosław Stasielak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-7000)
- H. Falcke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2526-6724)
- Shima Ujjani Shivashankara
- C. E. Covault (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5405-5371)
- Alex Tapia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0585-7161)
- P. Abreu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-7314)
- M. Palatka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-6059)
- I. De Mitri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-1730)
- Antoine Letessier-Selvon
- K. S. Caballero‐Mora (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-3855)
- Antonio Franco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-4241)
- Roberto Aloisio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-5923)
- Bjarni Pont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-5364)
- Simone Rossoni
- S. Buitink (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-497X)
- Juan Ammerman Yebra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2059-6206)
- Edivaldo Moura Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-8813)
- Violet M. Harvey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-4789)
- Achille Nucita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-3481)
- Hermann-Josef Mathes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-040X)
- P. Mantsch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8382-7745)
- Lawrence Wiencke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2878-9704)
- Rukije Uzeiroska
- Nicolás Martín González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-2222)
- Silvia Mollerach (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9339-5317)
- Toshihiro Fujii (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2401-504X)
- Nicolas San Martin
- Corinne Bérat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-6294)
- Zuzana Svozilikova (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5210-0781)
- M. Pech (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-0456)
- Maximilian Stadelmaier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-6012)
- P. Assis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-3606)
- F. Montanet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-596X)
- Alejandra Calvo
- Mohit Saharan
- T. Hebbeker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-266X)
- M. Mallamaci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0496)
- Alena Bakalová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-4484)
- Peter L. Biermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3948-6143)
- Jan Ebr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-6162)
- Anthony Bwembya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-5978)
- J. A. Chinellato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-0789)
- S. Andringa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-9207)
- Jorge Caraça-Valente
- Agustín Cobos Cerutti
- Krzysztof Pytel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-7886)
- R. Conceição (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4945-5340)
- C. Bonifazi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3087-3609)
- Shefali Negi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0829)
- Jon Paul Lundquist (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-5092)
- Peter Mazur
- Jan Pękala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-5595)
- Edyvânia Emily Pereira Martins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-8314)
- Fridtjof Feldbusch
- S. Vorobiov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-3424)
- Ezequiel Rodriguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-1919)
- Alexander Novikov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-7252)
- Emanuele Avocone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3757-2718)
- Primo F. Gómez Vitale (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-2020)
- H.O. Klages (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-021X)
- M. Prouza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-9597)
- H. Wilczyński (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-9685)
- Antonio Ambrosone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-1029)
- Pranav Sampathkumar
- M. Aglietta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-5388)
- Patricia María Hansen
- A. Gorgi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8085-2304)
- F. de Palma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-2834)
- V. de Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0865-233X)
- Esteban Roulet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1478-9260)
- S. Dasso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-4721)
- Leo Östman
- Luan Bonneau Arbeletche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-9808)
- Fabio Convenga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-1034)
- B. Tomé (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-8392)
- J. Matthews (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-4420)
- Fernando Catalani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-1476)
- Adrian Sedoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4253-3361)
- Radomir Šmída (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1123)
- Joaquín de Jesús (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-1769)
- Milton Freitas
- M. Pimenta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-0908)
- Niklas Langner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-3042)
- Carmelo Evoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-5253)
- Matías Rolf Hampel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7622-4826)
- Jose A. Bellido (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-9194)
- Kathrin Bismark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-7041)
- Adrián Rovero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6979-5604)
- D. Góra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-5974)
- J. Řídký (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-1393)
- B. Keilhauer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1155)
- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- R. W. Clay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-9648)
- Antonino Del Popolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-0239)
- Katharine Mulrey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-8020)
- Mario Buscemi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-5434)
- Wilson M. Namasaka
- Vincent Pelgrims (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5053-3847)
- Olivier Deligny (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-6572)
- Chloé Gaudu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-4873)
- Yago Lema-Capeans
- Carmen Merx
- Mohsen Pourmohammad Shahvar
- Lukas Gülzow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0620-3525)
- Nikolas Denner
- S. Strähnz
- Sergio Cabana-Freire
- Beatriz de Errico (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4212-0708)
- João Vítor Reginatto Akim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-9747)
- Fedor Tairli
- Alex Reuzki
- Tim Fehler
- Eric William Mayotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2618-9166)
- J.R. Hörandel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6604-547X)
- M. Unger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-0272)
- J. Chudoba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-2579)
- Andreas Weindl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-6191)
- Markus Roth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-1414)
- A. De Roeck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-6634)
- Brian Wundheiler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-7037)
- Gioacchino Alex Anastasi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-5283)
- José Ochoa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1395-4159)
- Teresa Bister (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-0857)
- Tiina Suomijärvi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-258X)
- Marko Zavrtanik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5606-6912)
- K.‐H. Kampert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-0195)
- Jose Sanabria Gomez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4217-3212)
- B. Garćıa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-2734)
- Marcus Niechciol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-8056)
- Leonel Morejón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1494-2624)
- Juan Pallotta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4846-8748)
- J. Brack (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2063)
- Igor Vaiman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-3631)
- David Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-1191)
- Ralph Engel
- Juan Carlos D'Olivo
- Alejandro Almela
- Andrej Filipčič
- Alberto Etchegoyen
- Humberto Ibarguen Salazar
- Rita Cassia dos Anjos
- Germano Guedes
- Analisa Mariazzi
- Luca Deval
- Marvin Gottowik
- Stanislav Michal
- Johannes Blümer
- Jelena Köhler
- Danilo Zavrtanik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-1521)
- Manuel Platino
- Fernando Gollan
- Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon
- Federico Andrés Sánchez
- Eva Santos
- Carlos Hojvat
- Qader Dorosti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-0609)
- Italo Epicoco
- Sara Martinelli
- Felix Riehn
- Charles Timmermans
- Paul Filip
- Antonio Bueno
- Carlos J. Todero Peixoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-8212)
- Josina Schulte
- Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez
- Margita Kubátová
- Melanie Weitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9010-9610)
- A. A. Watson
- Rogerio M. de Almeida
- Martina Boháčová
- R. Sarmento (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5018-5467)
- Pavel Horváth (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6710-5339)
- G. Marsella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-8874)
- Nataliia Borodai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-937X)
- Cristina Galea
- Kévin Almeida Cheminant (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-5339)
- Martin Schimassek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-7719)
- H. Schieler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-4778)
- Sergio J Sciutto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1148-3231)
- Petr Tobiska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-2475)
- Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo
- Daniele Martello
- Florian Lukas Briechle
- Samo Stanič (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3344-8381)
- Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira
- Ioana Codrina Maris
- Giorgio Matthiae
- Marcos Cerda
- Vincenzo Rizi
- Valerio Verzi
- Michael Schimp
- Laura Valore
- Piera Luisa Ghia
- P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera
- Gaetano Salina
- Markus Risse
- Ruben Squartini
- Dave Nitz
- Brian Fick
- Alan Fuster
- Lorenzo Perrone
- Petr Janeček (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-7163)
- Virginia Binet
- Diego Ravignani
- Marina Scornavacche
- Alexander Menshikov
- C. Dobrigkeit
- Juan Carlos Arteaga Velázquez
- Indira D. Vergara Quispe
- Ricardo Sato
- Cainã Oliveira
- Max Büsken
- Luis A. Anchordoqui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-7136)
- Gualberto Avila
- Marta Bianciotto
- A. Săftoiu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-6510)
- L. Lopes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-0033)
- Patrick Stassi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-8410)
- Abha Khakurdikar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-5255)
- Sonja Mayotte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-8033)
- Rodrigo Pelayo
- Fabian Gobbi
- Jonathan Biteau
- Baobiao Yue
- Paolo Privitera
- Diego Correia dos Santos
- Lorenzo Apollonio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5625-5893)
- Carla Aramo
- Joao dos Anjos
- Mario E. Bertaina
- Diego Melo
- Shayoni Panja
- Vlastimil Jílek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5774-7285)
- Veronika Vašíčková
- Alexandra Fernandes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-4007)
- Ugo GIACCARI
- J. Rautenberg
- Norbert Kunka
- Luiz Augusto Pereira
- Geraldina Golup
- Matteo Conte
- Jaime de Oliveira
- Libor Nožka
- Jannis Pawlowsky
- Danelise de Oliveira Franco
- Juan Manuel Figueira
- Federico Campuzano
- Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes
- Frederik Krieger
- Tobias Schulz
- Sven Querchfeld
- Jacco Vink
- Matthias Kleifges
- Luciana Andrade Dourado
- Petr Schovánek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-7645)
- Tomáš Fodran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9529-0853)
- Matias Jorge Tueros (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-1419)
- G. Cataldi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-7718)
- Megha Mogarkar
- Jhansi Bhavani Vuta
- Eric-Teunis de Boone
- Mohamed Ismaiel
- Karolina Syrokvas
- Matteo Tambone
- Pim van Dillen
Publication Details
- Published
- 2025-09-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1236
- Primary Topic
- History and Developments in Astronomy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Strong
- Ministerul Cercetării, Inovării şi Digitalizării
- European Commission
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações
- Vlaamse regering
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules