PowderBot: An automated device for decision-making in crop breeding programs based on DNA extraction from seed powder

This paper presents the design, construction, operation, and evaluation of PowderBot, a purpose-built, open-source, low-cost machine (∼US$ 5000) that automates DNA extraction from ungerminated seeds. The device drills into the seed cotyledon, where the genetic information of the prospective plant is stored. It then transfers the pure, powdered samples directly to well-plates for analysis. This reduces time and other research resources and can accelerate crop varietal improvement, ultimately contributing to more efficient and successful crop breeding programs. At CIAT́s campus, we have validated the method for obtaining seed-tissue material from common beans for DNA extraction and subsequently genotyping agronomically interesting lines, using the bc-3 molecular marker. Three genotyping trials were carried out using this method, which generated consistent results, regardless of the number of perforations made to the seed. This leads us to infer that the method works effectively and can be applied for marker assisted selection (MAS) in bean and other crop breeding programs. Finally, germination and vigor tests indicated the sampling process did not significantly compromise perforated seed germination rate, physiological quality or viability.