A Review of Research on Attitude Scales for Artificial Intelligence in Education and Future Prospects

This research systematically examines the current development of the attitude scales to AI applications in education, profiles the psychometric properties and encourages the development of attitude scales appropriate to the Chinese context. This work systematically organizes and compares the measurement instruments of attitudes toward artificial intelligence in education based on a literature review. Results: 7 scales were finally screened out, falling into 3 categories: student scales (4 scales), teacher scales (1 scale), and general scales (2 scales), with the item number between 4-28 and the dimensional number between 1 and 5; the internal consistency reliability is generally high, having Cronbach’s α between 0.84 and 0.902; the retest reliability is not reported thoroughly, with only one scale existing temporal stability evidence. The development of attitude scales toward artificial intelligence in education is not up to the requirements of China’s research needs, and there are problems such as the poor cultural adaptability of the scales, imperfect measurement content, and a simple range of application. This study may serve as reference for scale selection in the field of education and illustrates the timeliness for developing the measurement scales toward AI attitude in China.