Period of Appearance of the Main Fungal Diseases on Wheat in Two Regions with Sub-humid and Semi-arid Bioclimatic Levels (Tizi-ouzou and Bouira) in the North of Algeria

Background: Cereal cultivation has been and will remain the predominant crop in Algerian agriculture. It constitutes the staple food of the majority of the population. However, this crop is subject to many abiotic and biotic constraints, including climatic factors as well as fungal, bacterial and viral diseases that cause considerable losses. The objective of the study is to carry out surveys and identify diseases on durum wheat and soft wheat plots in the Tizi-ouzou and Bouira regions. Methods: Thus, 8 plots of the wilaya of Tizi-ouzou and 5 others of the wilaya of Bouira are subject to it, taking into account the precipitations and temperatures which favor the triggering and development of cryptogamic diseases on certain varieties of wheat. The identification of diseases is carried out by a macroscopic observation on the ground of the different symptoms manifested on the affected organ and a microscopic observation in the laboratory by a mycological examination on different culture media to confirm the presence of the pathogenic agent. Result: The results obtained showed the impact of precipitation and temperatures on the period of appearance and development of diseases as well as the rate of infestations. The main cryptogamic diseases observed during monitoring were powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis, septoria leaf spot Septoria tritici, halo spot Pyrenophora tritici repentis, fusarium leaf spot Fusarium sp. and yellow rust Puccinia striiformis.