The Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Curcumin on HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, often originating from benign polyps in the colon and rectum that may become malignant if left untreated. While current treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are effective, they often come with severe side effects that impact patient quality of life. This has spurred interest in natural compounds like curcumin, which may offer therapeutic benefits with fewer adverse effects. Curcumin, the main active compound in turmeric, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties in various studies, suggesting its potential as an adjunct therapy for CRC. This study investigates the effects of curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapy drug commonly used to treat CRC, on HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. 5-FU works by inhibiting DNA synthesis, ultimately leading to cancer cell death. The cells will be treated with varying concentrations of curcumin and 5-FU, and cell viability will be assessed using MTT assays at 24 hours to evaluate treatment efficacy. Apoptotic effects will be evaluated using the eBioscience™ Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit, and morphological changes will be observed under a microscope. The primary goal is to determine the LD₅₀ concentration of curcumin and observe morphological changes at that concentration. This research aims to provide insights into curcumin's potential as a safe adjunct or alternative to current CRC therapies. By identifying effective concentrations and comparing their effects to those of 5-FU, the study seeks to contribute to more informed treatment strategies for CRC.