Evaluating the Alignment Between PISA 2022 Creative Thinking Scoring Rubric and Creativity Theory: A Validity Framework Perspective

ABSTRACT Creative thinking is a fundamental skill for addressing the challenges of the 21st century, fostering innovation, and contributing to social, economic, and cultural development. Recognizing its significance, the OECD introduced creative thinking as part of the PISA 2022 assessment. This assessment evaluates students' capacity to generate, evaluate, and improve ideas across various domains, including written and visual expression, social problem‐solving, and scientific problem‐solving. The scoring criteria for the PISA creative thinking emphasize appropriateness and originality, yet questions arise regarding aligning these operational definitions and broader creativity theories. This article discusses the alignment between creativity theory and the creative thinking PISA 2022 assessment framework, highlighting potential misalignments in the scoring rubrics that may impact the validity of inferences drawn from the data. It also addresses contextual biases inherent in scoring mechanisms and the implications for assessing creative thinking.