Pricing of Park Charging Station Integrated Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Based On Metamodel Optimization Algorithm

ABSTRACT With the rapid growth of electric vehicle (EV) ownership and the lower cost of photovoltaic (PV) modules, photovoltaic‐energy storage charging station (PV‐ES CS) will gradually become the main configuration method for EV charging station in the future due to its economic and environmental characteristics. However, uncertainty of EV charging behavior has led to the increasing pressure of power grid, so it is necessary to study and establish a new pricing mechanism to guide EV's charging behavior. The paper proposed a new pricing strategy used in three PV‐ES CSs based on metamodel optimization algorithm. First, aiming at the uncertainty problem of PV output, a clustering method based on expected cost minimization is utilized to obtain typical PV output curves. Second, a Stackelberg game model between the PV‐ES CSs and EV in the parks is established, and the metamodel optimization algorithm is used to solve the Stackelberg game model to simplify the computational complexity. Finally, the validity and practicality of the proposed method are verified through the simulation of a specific example.