A routing strategy for non-uniform spatial network

Abstract As network scale continues to expand, congestion has emerged as a critical issue in the study of complex networks, particularly in spatial networks such as transportation, aviation, and communication systems, where transmission is the primary function. To address this challenge, various routing strategies have been proposed to alleviate congestion by adjusting transmission paths. However, most of these strategies are based on network models that assume a uniform spatial distribution of nodes, which fails to accurately represent the non-uniform distributions observed in real-world networks. In this paper, we construct a more realistic non-uniform spatial network model and propose a novel routing strategy, termed the FH routing strategy, which integrates distance-based degree and harmonic centrality. Simulation results show that the FH strategy effectively avoids high-load nodes, promotes a more balanced load distribution, and significantly improves traffic throughput compared to traditional routing strategies. These findings provide theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing information transmission in real-world non-uniform spatial networks.