RADIOPROTECTION AGENTS: HISTORY, TODAY, PROSPECTS

The paper is a brief excursus in the history of radioprotection agents (RPAs) with analysis of the present state and trends in the development of agents that will increase radioresistance and mitigate the radiation-induced damage to organism. Search for the RPA was particularly intensive in 1950-70s. Although a huge amount of chemical compounds has been investigated, the RPS nomenclature is very short. In the Russian Federation, it contains two names, B-190 and PS-12. The base radioprotector in other countries is amifostine. In Russia, the approved agent for prevention and mitigation of the primary reaction to radiation is ondansetron hydrochloride dehydrate (latran) and combined agents (PRO-16, PRO-19); in other countries, granisetron. In Russia, prevention from and treatment of damages by incorporated radionuclides are provided using potassium iodide, potassium-ferrum ferricyanide (ferrocin) and diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid calcium trisodium salt of hydrate (pentacin). Abroad, analogous agents and diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic of zinc trisodium are also used to decorporate radionuclides. In future, efforts will be focused on the development of radiomitigators, compositions and advanced PRAs.