Physicians’ Controversies Towards Fertility Preservation in Young Patients with Gynecological Cancer: An MITO Survey

Guidelines on fertility preservation (FP) have been developed to help young women preserve their fertility, which may have been impaired due to cancer. Nevertheless, the correct management of oncological patients of childbearing age remains controversial, especially regarding gynecological malignancies. For this reason, we explored the current knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of physicians towards the challenges of FP in this population. A specially developed questionnaire on fertility-related issues in patients with gynecological cancer was administered via email to 167 people, representing 167 centers of the Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer and gynecologic malignancies (MITO) group. A total of 56 physicians, who represented 56 out of these 167 centers, responded to our survey (response rate: 33.5%). Approximately half of these physicians stated that they had adequate knowledge about the use of gonadotropin-releasing analog (GnRHa) injections (n = 30; 53.6%), the cryopreservation of oocytes (n = 25; 44.6%), and the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue (n = 27; 48.2%) in patients with gynecological tumors. Meanwhile, regarding (borderline) ovarian tumors, endometrial or cervical cancer, and genetic mutation carriers, attitudes varied substantially. In conclusion, the results of our survey highlight the different perspectives on controversial topics among physicians directly involved in the treatment of these tumors. These findings also demonstrate the lack of evidence on these issues to adequately counsel this specific patient population.