Design and Development of A Personalized Experiential Virtual Reality System for Costume History Learning

This study investigated the comparative effectiveness of a Personalized Experiential Virtual ‎Reality (PE-VR) system and a Normal Virtual Reality (NVR) system in enhancing ‎undergraduate students’ learning achievement and engagement. A total of 30 undergraduate ‎students participated in the experiment. Learning achievement was assessed using pre- and ‎post-tests and analyzed with ANCOVA, while engagement was evaluated with a ‎standardized questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA. After controlling for pre-test scores, ‎the results indicated that students in the PE-VR condition achieved significantly higher post-‎test scores than those in the NVR condition (Mean Difference = 15.522, p=0.001). Students in ‎the PE-VR condition also demonstrated significantly higher levels of engagement than their ‎counterparts in the NVR condition (Mean Difference = 17.533, p=0.001). These findings offer ‎empirical evidence that the PE-VR system can overcome the limitations of traditional ‎instruction and enhance history education in higher education settings.