COAL-DERIVED GRAPHENE@POLIANILIN-ZINC OXIDE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE: A NEW MATERIAL WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS

During fabrication, chemical industries involved in food, pharmaceuticals, plastics, paints, cloth, fiber, and farming make use of various chemicals, including organic dyes.1 These compounds exhibit chemical stability and are resistant to decomposition. 2 Moreover, they pose a risk towards such surroundings as well as mankind's well-being when dissolved within fluid at concentrations of 1 mg/L or higher.3,4 Methylene blue (C16H18CN3SCl) (MB) is a cationic and predominantly used heterocyclic aromatic compound in the industry as a colouring agent. Water quality declines when contaminated with MB to cause dermis and optic organ irritation and interfere with renal organ, hepatic organ, cerebrum, genital system, and central neurological network.5,6 The photocatalytic process that harnesses light energy to stimulate chemical reactions has become a promising technology for various environmental and energy applications.7,8 Manufacturing effective and durable photocatalytic materials is critical to improving the overall application efficiency.7,9 Lately, Graphene-related nanocomposites have attracted significant interest due to their distinctive properties and promising potential for diverse applications.10-12 Among nanocomposite materials using graphene (G), Nanocomposite substance combines the advantages of G, PANI, and TiO to create a synergistic effect that enhances photocatalytic activity and stability.13,14 G is an allotrope of carbon with a two-dimensional structure.15,16 This material has a large surface area, high mechanical and electrical