Structural and Semantic Analysis of English and Finnish Idioms with a Coloronym Component: Comparative Aspect

Introduction. The article presents a comparative study of the structural and semantic properties of idiomatic expressions containing a color component (coloronym) in English and Finnish. The relevance of the work is determined by the insufficient study of color perception in cognitive linguistics with respect to this pair of unrelated languages. The aim of the research is to describe the structural and semantic properties and to identify the common features and distinctive characteristics of idiomatic constructions in the English and Finnish languages. Materials and Methods. The object of the study consists of idiomatic expressions with a coloronym component in the English and Finnish languages. Both general scientific methods (description, classification, systematization, and analysis) and specialized linguistic methods of structural and semantic, componential, and comparative analysis were applied in the work, which made it possible to describe the structural and semantic characteristics of idioms; identify the frequency of coloronyms; determine the basic color categories; and construct a classification according to semantic category groups. Results and Discussion. The article presents the analysis of the structural and semantic characteristics of idiomatic expressions with a color component in English and Finnish containing a color feature. A total of 283 English and 149 Finnish idiomatic units with a color-related component have been identified. A predominance of achromatic (black, white) and primary chromatic (red, green) color components has been established. A classification of idioms based on the categorical characteristics of a noun, verb, adjective, adverb as well as modality has been developed showing the dominance of nominal groups in both languages. The main function of color idioms is to describe people, objects, phenomena, and abstract concepts. Conclusion. The results demonstrate both symmetry (the universal perception of basic colors) and asymmetry of the lexical systems under study, contributing to the theory of phraseology and cross-cultural research in color semantics. The research materials may be useful in the compilation of comparative phraseological dictionaries of English and Finnish, as well as in the preparation of scholarly works on the lexicology of the languages studied.