The Protective Role Of IL-12 And IL-23 In Host Immunity Against Dengue Virus Infection

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) infection still a series public health concern in endemic regions, with immune responses playing a decisive role in disease outcome. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, and IL-23 are thought to influence host protection and viral pathogenesis. Objectives: This study aimed to compare cytokine responses between DENV1 and DENV2 serotypes, evaluate the differences between patients and controls, and examine the correlation between IL-12 and IL-23 levels. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted including 28 patients with confirmed dengue infection and 32 healthy controls. Serum cytokine levels (IL-12 and IL-23) were measured using ELISA. Statistical analyses included group comparisons and Pearson correlation tests. Results: Patients demonstrated significantly higher mean serum IL-12 and IL-23 levels compared with controls (p<0.05). IL-12 and IL-23 were slightly elevated in DENV1 cases compared with DENV2, although these variations were not statistically significant (p>0.05). A high positive correlation was found between IL-12 and IL-23 (r=0.62, p<0.01), suggesting coordinated immunological activity. Conclusion: Elevated IL-12 and IL-23 levels highlight their potential protective roles in host defense against DENV.